Molecules & Ionic Bonding
The Bohr's model helps explain the elements of the periodic table. You can draw each element by using this model. This model has a center that represents the nucleus of the atom. Then around the nucleus it has shells or energy levels. The energy levels increase as you get farther away from the nucleus.
Inside the shells/ energy levels, there can be three different orbitals. The ''S'' orbital, ''P'' orbital or ''D'' orbital. In the first shell, there can only be an S orbital and every S orbital contains two circles. Inside the second shell there can be both an S & P orbital. Every P orbital contains six circles. There can not be a D orbital until the fourth shell, and the D orbital has ten circles.
There is a certain order that these orbitals have to go by,
S1 S2 P2 S3 P3 S4 D4 P4 and so on.
The letter represents what kind of orbital it is and how many circles you can use.
S=2
P=6
D=10
The number next to the letter represents which shell in is in.
S1= S orbital, first shell.
S2= S orbital, second shell.
P2= P orbital, second shell.
When drawing the Bohr's model, you do not need to color in every orbital that you have. For example, if you are drawing the Bohr's model for Oxygen on the periodic table, it's atomic number is eight. So you draw the correct number of circles for each orbital in the correct shell. But sometimes you might have a circle left over that does not need to be colored in, and you can just leave it there. That is when ionic bonding comes in. One of the atoms might have an extra circle that was not colored in but another atom might just need one more atom and if they are close to wach other then the atom that needs the extra orbital circle will actually steal it away from the atom with an extra one.
